Natural Hazards and Earth System Science www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net 1561-8633 1684-9981 9 1 2009 10.5194/nhess-9-25-2009 http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/9/25/2009/ http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/9/25/2009/nhess-9-25-2009.html http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/9/25/2009/nhess-9-25-2009.pdf 25 42 2009-01-09 Revision of the Portuguese catalog of tsunamis M. A. Baptista mabaptista@dec.isel.ipl.pt J. M. Miranda Instituto Superior Engenharia de Lisboa, CGUL, IDL, Lisboa, Portugal University of Lisbon, CGUL, IDL, Lisbon, Portugal Catastrophic tsunamis are described in historical sources for all regions around the Gulf of Cadiz, at least since 60 BC. Most of the known events are associated with moderate to large earthquakes and among them the better studied is 1 November 1755. We present here a review of the events which effects, on the coasts of the Portuguese mainland and Madeira Island, are well described in historical documents or have been measured by tide gauges since the installation of these instruments. For a few we include new relevant information for the assessment of the tsunami generation or effects, and we discard events that are included in existing compilations but are not supported by quality historical sources or instrumental records. We quote the most relevant quantitative descriptions of tsunami effects on the Portuguese coast, including in all pertinent cases a critical review of the coeval sources, to establish a homogenous event list. When available, instrumental information is presented. We complement all this information with a summary of the conclusions established by paleo-tsunami research. Ambraseys, N N.: Data for the investigation of the seismic seawaves in the Eastern Mediterranean, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 52, 895–913, 1962. Ambraseys, N N.: Intensity Attenuation and Magnitude Intensity Relationships for Northwest European Earthquakes, Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 13, 733–778, 1985. Andrade, C.: Tsunami generated forms in the Algarve barrier islands (South Portugal), Science of Tsunami Hazards, 10, 21–34, 1992. Andrade, C., Borges, P., and Freitas, M C.: Historical tsunamis in the Azores Archipelago (Portugal), J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 156, 172–185, 2006. Arquivos do Ministério do Reino: Maço n$^o$ 638, Documentação sobre o tremor de terra de 1 de Novembro de 1755, ANTT, Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Lisboa, Portugal, 1756 (in Portuguese). Babinet, J.: Note dans les Comptes Rendus de la Académie des Sciences de Paris, LII, 369~pp., 1861 (in French). Baptista, M A., Heitor, S., Miranda, J M., Miranda, P M A., and Victor, L M.: The 1755 Lisbon tsunami: Evaluation of the tsunami parameters, J.\ Geodyn., 25, 143–157, 1998a. Baptista, M. A., Miranda, J. M., Chierici, F., and Zitellini, N.: New study of the 1755 earthquake source based on multi-channel seismic survey data and tsunami modeling, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 3, 333–340, 2003. Baptista, M A., Miranda, J M., Lopes, F C., and Luís, J F.: The Source of the 1722 Algarve Earthquake: Evidence from MCS and Tsunami Data, J. Seismol., 11(4), 371–380, 2007. Baptista, M A., Miranda, J M., and Luís, J F.: In Search of the 31th March 1761 Earthquake and Tsunami Source, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 96(2), 713–721, 2006. Baptista, M A., Miranda, P M A., and Victor, L M.: Maximum entropy analysis of portuguese tsunami data, The tsunamis of 28.02.1969 and 26.05.1975, Science of Tsunami Hazards, 10, 9–20, 1992. Baptista, M A., Miranda, P M A., Miranda, J M., and Victor, L M.: Constrains on the source of the 1755 Lisbon tsunami inferred from numerical modelling of historical data, J. Geodyn., 25, 159–174, 1998b. Belém, Fr J.: Chronica Serafica da Santa Província dos Algarves, da Regular Observancia do Nosso Senhor Padre S. Francisco, Em que se trata de sua Origem, Progressos e Fundações de seus Conventos, Parte Primeira, Lisboa, cap XXII, 200–201, 1750 (in Portuguese). Bergeron, A. and Bonin, J.: The deep structure of Gorringe Bank (NE Atlantic) and its surrounding area, Geophys. J. Int., 105(2), 491–502, 1991. Berninghausen, W H.: Tsunamis and seismic seiches reported from the eastern Atlantic south of the Bay of Biscay, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 54, 439–442, 1964. Bewick, B.: An Account of the Earthquake at Cadiz, November 1, 1755, in a Letter from Benjamin Bewick, Merchant there, to Mr. Joseph Paice, Merchant in London, Lett XIV, for the Year 1756, Philosophical Transactions, Vol XLIX, Part~II, London, 1757. Borges, J F., Bezzeghoud, M., Buforn, E., Pro, C., and Fitas, A.: The 1980, 1997 and 1998 Azores earthquakes and some seismo-tectonic implications, Tectonophysics, 435(1–4), 37–54, 2007. Borlase, W.: Letter to the Rev Charles Lytleton, L L Dean of Exeter, Lett XV, printed for L Davis and C Reymers, Printers to the Royal Society, against Gray's Inn Gate, in Holbourn, for the Year 1756, Philosophical Transactions, Vol XLIX, Part~II, London 1757, London, 1755. Borlase, W.: Some Account of the extraordinary Agitation of the Waters in Mount's-bay, and other Places, on the 31st of March 1761, in: A Letter for the Reverend Dr C Lyttelton, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. 52, 418–431, 1762. Brito, F B.: Monarquia Lusitana, Lisboa Imprensa Nacional – Casa da Moeda, Facsimile, 1973–88, 1597. Buforn, E., Udias, A., and Colombas, M.: Seismicity, source mechanisms and tectonics of the Azores – Gibraltar plate-boundary, Tectonophysics, 152, 89–118, 1988. Campos, M L.: El Riesgo de tsunamis en España, Analysis y Valoracion Geografica, Monografia do Instituto Geográfico Nacional, Madrid-Espanha, 1–204, 1992. Carrilho, F., Nunes, J C., Pena, J., and Senos, M L.: Catálogo Sísmico de Portugal Continental e Região Adjacente para o períododo 1970–2000, Instituto de Meteorologia, ISBN~972-9083-12-6, 231~pp., 2004. Castro, D A L F.: Historia Geral de Portugal e suas conquistas, Database Fundo Antigo, Academia de Ciências de Lisboa, Livro~1, Capitulo~IV, Manuscript 691, 21–36, 1786 (in Portuguese). Chambers, C.: Another Account of the Same Earthquake at Madeira in a Letter from Charles Chambers to his Father, in London, dated at Madeira, Novem I, 1755, Communicated by Lewis Crusius, D D F R S., Lett XVIII, for the Year 1756, Philosophical Transactions, Vol XLIX, Part~II, London, 1757. Codex~8009: Breve notícia de alguns terramotos, Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Lisboa, Portugal, no date (in Portuguese). Codex 9857: Incomplete Reference. Reserved documents of the Lisbon National Library, Lisboa, Portugal, no date (in Portuguese). Correio~dos~Açores: Portuguese newspaper published in the Azores the 26 December 1939, 1939 (in Portuguese). Costa, A., Andrade, C., Seabra, C., Matias, L., Baptista, M A., and Nunes, S.: 1755, Terramoto no Algarve, Editor Centro de Ciência Viva do Algarve, ISBN~972-99778-0-1, 2005 (in Portuguese). Couto, D.: Da Ásia, Década 4, Livro~7, Cap~XI, Lisboa, 1778 (in Portuguese). da~Silva, F C.: Theatro Universal de novidades políticas, marciais e elementares e prognósticos para o anno de 1757, o primeiro depois do bissexto, Calculado ao meu dano da Cidade de Lisboa pela altura de 38 gr e 43 minutos de elevaçam do pólo, Lisboa, oficina de Manoel Soares, 1756 (in Portuguese). Dabrio, C J., Zazo, C., Goy, J L., Sierro, F J., Borja, F., Lario, J., González, J A., and Flores, J A.: Depositional history of estuarine infill during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene postglacial transgression, Mar.\ Geol., 162, 381–404, 2000. Dawson, A G., Hindson, R., Andrade, C., Freitas, C., Parish, R., and Bateman, M.: Tsunami sedimentation associated with the Lisbon earthquake of 1 November AD 1755: Boca do Rio, Algarve, Portugal, The Holocene, 5(2), 209–215, 1995 De~la~Torre, F R.: Revisión del Catálogo Sísmico Ibérico (años 1760 a 1800) Estudio realizado para el Instituto Geográfico Nacional, mediante convenio de investigación n\'umero 7.070, Madrid, 1997 (in Spanish). Diário da Manhã: Portuguese Newspaper published 29 March 1969, 1969 (in Portuguese). Diário de Noticias n$^o$219 876: Portuguese newspaper published the 26 December 1926, p 1, p 3, 1926 (in Portuguese). Diário de Noticias da Madeira n$^o$20 368: Portuguese newspaper published the 26 November 1941, year 66, 1–2, 1941a (in Portuguese). Diário de Notícias da Madeira n$^o$ 20 369: Portuguese newspaper published the 27 November 1941, year 66, 1, 1941b (in Portuguese). Diário dos Açores n$^o$29792: Portuguese newspaper published the 26 May 1975, year 106, 1–2, 1975a (in Portuguese). Diário dos Açores n$^o$29 793. Portuguese newspaper published the 27 May 1975, year~106, 1, 1975b (in Portuguese). El~Mrabet, T.: Tarikh azalazil bi Al Maghrib. Thèse 3 ème cycle. Univ Md V, Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines Rabat, 370~pp., 1991 (in Arabic). Ellicot, J.: Letter to Tilman Henkel, Esq. Merchant in London, concerning the Eartqhuake at Oporto in Portugal, Nov 1 1756, Communicated by Mr John Ellicot, F R S., Lett VIII, for the Year 1756 Philosophical Transactions, Vol XLIX, Part~II,, London 1757. Fernandes, R M S., Miranda. J M., Meijninger, B M L. , Bos, M S., Noomen, R., Bastos, L., Ambrosius, B A C., and Riva, R E M.: Surface Velocity Field of the Ibero-Maghrebian Segment of the Eurasia-Nubia Plate Boundary, Geophys. J. Int., 169(1), 315–324, 2007. Fine, I. ~V., Rabinovich, A B., Bornholdd, B D., Thomson, R E., and Kulikov, E A.: The Grand Banks landslide-generated tsunami of November 18, 1929: preliminary analysis and numerical modeling, Mar. Geol., 215, 45–57, 2005. Freitas, M P.: A Vaga da Morte. Girão, Revista de Temas Culturais do concelho de Câmara de Lobos, n$^o$2, 1$^o$ Semestres de 1989, 52–54, 1989 (in Portuguese). Fukao, Y.: Thrust faulting at a lithosphere plate boundary, The Portugal earthquake of 28.02.1969, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 18, 205–216, 1973. Gazeta~de~Lisboa: Newspaper published in Lisbon, N$^o$47, Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, Portugal, 1755 (in Portuguese). Gibraltar Chronicle: 26 November 1941, Gibraltar Garrison Library, Gibraltar UK, p 2, 1941a. Gibraltar Chronicle: 27 November 1941, Gibraltar Garrison Library, Gibraltar UK, p 3, 1941b. Gjevik, B., Pedersen, G., Dybesland, E., Harbitz, C B., Miranda, P M A., Baptista, M A., Mendes-Victor, L., Heinrich, P., Roche R., and Guesima, M.: Modeling tsunamis from earthquake sources near Gorringe Bank southwest of Portugal, J. Geophys. Res., 102(C13), 27 931–27 949, 1997. Gracia, E., Dañobeitia, J., Vergés, J., and PARSIFAL Team: Mapping active faults offshore Portugal (36° N–38° N): Implications for seismic hazard assessment along the southwest Iberian margin, Geology, 31(1), 83–86, 2002. Gracia, E., Dañobeitia, J., Vergés, J., Bartolomé, R., and Córdoba, D.: Crustal architecture and tectonic evolution of the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Iberian margin) at the convergence of the Eurasian and African plates, Tectonics, 22(4), 1033, doi: 10.1029/2001TC901045, 2003. Gutscher, M.-A., Baptista, M. A., and Miranda, J. M.: The Gibraltar Arc seismogenic zone (part 2): constraints on a shallow east dipping fault plane source for the 1755 Lisbon earthquake provided by tsunami modelling and seismic intensity, Tectonophysics, 426, 153–166, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2006.02.025, 2006. Haslett, S. K. and Bryant, E. A.: Historic tsunami in Britain since AD 1000: a review, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 587–601, 2008. Heberden, W.: An account of the Earthquake in the Island of Madeira, Nov 1, 1755, in: A Letter from Dr Tho Heberden to his brother Dr William Heberden, F R S., Lett XVII, for the Year 1756, Philosophical Transactions, Vol XLIX, Part~II, London, 1757. Heck, N H.: List of Seismic Sea Waves, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 37(4), 269–284, 1947. Heinrich, P., Baptista, M A., and Miranda, P M A.: Numerical Simulations of the 1969 Tsunami along the Portuguese coasts, Science of Tsunami Hazards, 12(1), 3–25, 1994. Hirn, A., Haessler, H., Hoang, T., Wittlinger, G., and Mendes-Victor, L.: Aftershock Sequence of the January 1, 1980, Earthquake and Present Day Tectonics in the Azores, Geophys. Res. Lett., 7, 501–504, 1980. IANTT: Instituto do Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Dicionário Geográfico, Freguesia de Boliqueime, 7(301), 977–980, 1758 (in Portuguese). Imamura, F. and Papadopoulos, G.: The tsunami Intensity scale, 2001, International Tsunami Symposium, Seattle, USA, 569–577, 2001. Instituto Geográfico Nacional: Terremotos y Tsunamis in Espana, CD ISBN 84-9810346-O, 2005 (in Spanish). Journal Historique: Journal Historique sur Les Matières du Tems contenant quelques nouvelles de Litterature, et autres Remarques curieuses, Suite des Tremblements de Terre, p 462, 1756 (in French). Journal Historique: Suite de La Clef ou Journal Historique sur Les Matières du Tems, contenant quelques nouvelles de Littérature, et autres Remarques curieuses, Juin 1773, Première Partie, Tome~CXIII, Paris 462-464, 1773 (in French). Justo, J L. and Salwa, C.: The 1531 Lisbon earthquake, B. Seismol. Soc.\ Am., 88, 319–328, 1998. Kaabouben, F., Brahim A. I., Toto E. A., Baptista M. A., Miranda J. M., Soares P., Luis J. F.: On the focal mechanism of the 26.05.1975 North Atlantic event contribution from tsunami modeling, J. Seismol., 12(4), 575–583, doi:10.1007/s10950-008-9110-6, 2008. Lario, J.: \'Ultimo y Presente Interglacial en el área de conexión Atlántico - Mediterráneo (Sur de España). Variaciones del nivel del mar, paleoclimas y paleoambientes. Ph.D. thesis, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 269~pp., 1996 (in Spanish). Levret, A.: The effects of the November 1, 1755 Lisbon earthquake in Morocco, Tectonophysics, 193, 83–94, 1991. LNEC: A Sismicidade Histórica e a Revisão do Catálogo Sísmico. Proc. 36/11/7368. Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil. Ministério do Equipamento Social, 1986 (in Portuguese). Lopes, J. B. S.: Corografia ou memória económica do reino do Algarve. Ed. Academia de Ciências Lisboa, 169~pp., 1841 (in Portuguese). Luque, L., Lario, J., Zazo, C., Goy, J. L., Dabrio, C. J., Silva, P. G.: Tsunami deposits as paleoseismic indicators: examples from the Spanish coast. Acta Geologica Hispanica, 36(3–4), 197–211, 2001. Luque, L., Lario, J., Silva, P. G., Zazo, G., Goy, J. L., Dabrio, C. J.: Sedimentary record of a tsunami during Roman times, Bay of Cadiz, Spain. Journal of Quaternary Science, 17 (5-6), 623-631, 2002. Lynnes, C. S., and Ruff, L. J.: Source process and tectonic implications of the great 1975 North Atlantic earthquake, Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc., 82, 497-510, 1985. Mallet, R.: Catalogue of Recorded Earthquakes 1606 B. C.–1850 A. D. Reports on the State of Science. Third Report on the Facts of Earthquake Phenomena, British Assoc., For the Advancement of Science, London, 1852–1854, 1852. Martins, I. and Victor, L. A. M.: Contribution to the Study of Seismicity in the West Margin of Iberia. Univ Lisboa, IGIDL Pub 25, ISSN 0870-2748, 2001. Mendonça, J M.: Historia Universal dos Terramotos que tem havido no mundo de que há noticia desde a sua criação até ao seculo presente, Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, Portugal, 272~pp., 1758 (in Portuguese). Molloy, M.: An Accopunt of the Earthquake in Lisbon 31st March 1761, Philos.\ T. Roy. Soc., London 1757, 52, 142-143, 1761. Moreira, V. S.: Tsunamis Observados em Portugal, publicação GEO134. Serviço Meteorológico Nacional, Portugal, 18~pp., (in Portuguese), 1968. Moreira, V S.: Sismicidade Histórica de Portugal Continental, Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofisica, Portugal, 28~pp., 1984 (in Portuguese). Moreira, V S.: Review of Historical Seismicity in the Gulf of Cadiz Area before the 1 November 1755 earthquake – A CEC, Project RHISE, annual report, Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofisica, Portugal, 1991 (in Portuguese). Murty, T S. and Loomis, H.: A new objective tsunami magnitude scale, Mar.\ Geod., 4, 267–282, 1980. Nozes, J.: O terremoto de 1755: Testemunhos Britânicos, British Historical Society of Portugal, edited by: Lisoptima, 277~pp., ISBN~9 729 394,032, 1990. Oliveira: Syncope Universal Historico em que em brevissima summa, se descrevem, recupiladas, as mais célebres histórias do mundo, 1$^a$ parte, Manuscript, Reserved Section of the Lisbon National Library, Códice 11 004, Lisboa, Portugal, no date (in Portuguese). Oliveira, F.: Theatro Lamentavel: Scena Funesta Relaçam Verdadeira do Terramoto do Primeiro de Novembro de 1755 Com a notícia do estrago, que cauzou em Lisboa, e suas vizinhanças, ruina do reino do Algarve e sustos de todo o Portugal, Coimbra, Officina de Francisco de Oliveira, Impressor da Universidade, 21~pp., 1756 (in Portuguese). Osório, B.: O terramoto de Lisboa de 1531, Separata do Boletim de I cIasse da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Coimbra, 12~pp., 1919 (in Portuguese). Papadoupolos, G.: Tsunami hazard in the Eastern Mediterranean: strong earthquakes and tsunamis in the Corinth Gulf, central Greece, Nat. Hazards, 29, 437–464, 2003. Perrey, A.: Sur les tremblements de terre de la Péninsule Ibérique, Annales des sciences physiques et naturelles, d'agriculture et d'industrie, X Société Royale d'agriculture, d'histoire naturelle et des arts utiles, Lyon, 463–514, 1847 (in French). Resende, G.: Miscelânia e Variedade de Histórias, Costumes, casos e cousas que em seu tempo aconteceram, edited 1917, Lisboa 1554 (in Portuguese). Rodigues, D.: Análise do risco do movimentos de vertente e ordenamento do território na Madeira, Aplicação ao caso do Machico, Ph.D thesis, University of Madeira, Portugal, 2005. Rodriguez, G.: Catalogo sísmico de a zona compreendida entre los meridianos 5 e 20W de Greenwich e los paralelos 45 y 25 N. Imprenta de Romano Velasco, Madrid-Spain, 1932 (in Spanish). Rosa, J F. and Fernandes, J P.: A Vaga da Morte, Tipografia do Diário da Madeira, Funchal, 1930 (in Portuguese). Runa, L M L F. and Freire, A G N M.: Terramoto de Lisboa de 1 de Novembro de 1755, Grupo de Protecção e Segurança Nuclear, Lisboa, Portugal, 1991 (in Portuguese). Ruiz, F., Rodríguez-Ramírez, A., Cáceres, L M., Vidal, J R., Carretero, M I., Abada, M., Olías, M., and Pozo, M.: Evidence of high-energy events in the geological record: Mid-holocene evolution of the southwestern Donana National Park (SW Spain), Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 229, 212–229, 2005. Ruiz, F., Abad, M., Vidal, J R., Caceres, L M., Gonzalez-Regalado, M L., Carretero, M I., Pozo, M., and Toscano, F G.: The geological record of the oldest historical tsunamis in southwestern Spain, Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 114(1), 145–154, 2008. Sachetti, J M.: A Copy of Part of Two Letters Written by John Mendes Sacheti, M D F R S. Dated From the Fields of Lisbon, on the 7th of November, and the 1st of November 1755, Lett IV, for the Year 1756, Philosophical Transactions, Vol XLIX, Part~II, London, 1757. Scheffers, A. and Kelletat, D.: Tsunami Relics on the Coastal Landscape West of Lisbon, Portugal, Science of Tsunami Hazards, 23(1), p 3, 2005. Solares, J M M. and Arroyo, A L.: The great historical 1755 earthquake. Effects and damage in Spain, J. Seismol., 8, 275~pp., 2004. Solares, J M., Lopez-Arroyo, A., and Mezcua, J.: Isoseismal map of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake obtained from Spanish data, Tectonophysics, 53, 301–313, 1979. Sousa, M F.: Europa portuguesa segunda edicion correta, ilustrada y añadida en tantos lugares y con tales ventajas que es labor nueva por su autor Manuel de Faria y Sousa, tomo I [–III], printed by: Craesbeeck de Mello, d'Antonio, 1678–1680, Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, Portugal, Tomo~I~491~pp., Tomo~II~224pp., Tomo~III~594~pp., 1678 (in Portuguese). Sousa, F L P.: O terremoto do 1° de Novembro de 1755 em Portugal e um estudo demográfico, Serviços Geológicos, 4~vols., 1–4, 72–73, 403–510, 806–831, 1919 (in Portuguese). Sousa, M L., Martins, A., and Oliveira, C S.: Compilação de ratálogos sísmicos da Região Ibérica, Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Lisboa, Rep 36/92-NDA, 1–250, 1992 (in Portuguese). Tendorf, F J.: Seismological Dispatches, University of Georgetown, USA, 1926. Terrinha, P., Pinheiro, L M., Henriet, J P., Matias, L., Ivanov, M K., Monteiro, J H., Akhmetzhanov, A., Volkonskaya, A., Cunha, T., Shaskin, P., and Rovere, M.: Tsunamigenic-seismogenic structures, neotectonics, sedimentary processes and slope instability on the southwest Portuguese Margin, Mar. Geol., 195(1–4), 55–73, 2003. Tinti, S., Baptista, M A., Harbitz, C B., and Maramai, A.: The unified European catalogue of tsunamis: a GITEC experience, Proc. International Conference on Tsunamis, Paris, 26–28 May 1998, 84–99, 1999. Tinti, S. and Maramai, A.: Catalogue of tsunamis generated in Italy and in Côte d'Azur, France: a step towards a unified catalogue of tsunamis in Europe, Ann. Geofis., 39, 1253–1299, 1996. Tinti, S., Maramai, A., and Graziani, L.: The New Catalogue of Italian Tsunamis, Nat. Hazards, Kluwer Acad Press, 33, 439–465, 2004. Trembley, A.: An Account of the Earthquake felt at Geneva, Novem. 9. 1755, in a Letter from Mons Trembley, Professor of Mathematics there, to his Brother Mr Abraham Trembley, F R S Translated from the French. Lett XX, for the Year 1756 Philosophical Transactions, Vol XLIX, Part~II,, London, 1757. Urban, S.: The Gentleman's Magazine, printed by: D. Henry, D. and Cave, R., St John' Gate, London, 554–564, 1755a. Urban, S.: Supplement to the Gentleman's Magazine for the year 1755, printed by: Henry, D. and Cave, R., St. John' Gate, London, 587–591, 1755b. Vizcaino, A., Gracia, E., Escutia, C., Asioli, A., Garcia-Orellana, J., Lebreiro., S., Cacho, I., Thouveny, N., Larrasoaña, J C., Diez, S., and Dañobeitia, J J.: Characterizing Holocene Paleoseismic Record in the SW Portuguese Margin, Geophys. Res. Abstr., 8, 08 469, SRef-ID: 1607-7962/gra/EGU06-A-08469, 2006. Vogt, J.: Revision d'Anciens Seismes Ibero-Maghrebins, in: Les Effects du Seisme de Lisbonne du ler Novembre 1755 sur le Territoire Marocain, Esquisse des lntensités Maximales Observdes Dues aux Grands Séismes Ibero-Maghrebins, editedby: Levret, A., Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, 319~pp., 1985 (in French). Ward, S N. and Day, S.: Cumbre Vieja Volcano, Potential collapse and tsunami at La Palma, Canary Islands, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(17), 3397–3400, 2001. Zitellini, N., Mendes, L A., Cordoba, D., Danobeitia, J., Nicolich, R., Pellis, G., Ribeiro, A., Sartori, R., Torelli, L., Bartolome, R., Bortoluzzi, G., Calafato, A., Carrilho, F., Casoni, L., Chierici, F., Corela, C., Correggiari, A., Della~Vedova, B., Gracia, E., Jornet, P., Landuzzi, M., Ligi, M., Magagnoli, A., Marozzi, G., Matias, L., Penitenti, D., Rodriguez, P., Rovere, M., Terrinha, P., Vigliotti, L., and Ruiz, A Z.: Source of 1755 Lisbon earthquake and tsunami investigated, EOS, Nr 26, 285, 290–291, 2001. Zitellini, N., Rovere, M., Terrinha, P., Chierici, F., Matias L., and the BIGSETS Team: Neogene through Quaternary tectonic reactivation of SW Iberian passive margin, Pure Appl. Geophys., 161, 565–587, 2004.