Global distribution of winter lightning: a threat to wind turbines and  aircraft

Montanyà, Joan; Fabró, Ferran; van der Velde, Oscar; March, Víctor; Williams, Earle Rolfe; Pineda, Nicolau; Romero, David; Solà, Glòria; Freijo, Modesto

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1465-2016

Articles | Volume 16, issue 6

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1465-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1465-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 16, issue 6

Research article

|

21 Jun 2016

Research article |

| 21 Jun 2016

Global distribution of winter lightning: a threat to wind turbines and aircraft

Joan Montanyà, Ferran Fabró, Oscar van der Velde, Víctor March, Earle Rolfe Williams, Nicolau Pineda, David Romero, Glòria Solà, and Modesto Freijo

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Final revised paper (published on 21 Jun 2016)
Preprint (discussion started on 19 Jan 2016)

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment

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RC1: 'Review comments', Anonymous Referee #1, 21 Jan 2016
- AC1: 'Responses to the commnets of Referee #1 and #2', Joan Montanyà, 08 Mar 2016
RC2: 'Review comments', Anonymous Referee #2, 17 Feb 2016
- AC2: 'Responses to the commnets of Referee #1 and #2', Joan Montanyà, 08 Mar 2016

Short summary

Lightning is one of the major threats to modern multi-megawatt wind turbines and a concern for new generation of aircraft. Both wind turbines and aircraft can initiate lightning and very favourable conditions for lightning initiation occur in winter thunderstorms. Moreover, winter thunderstorms are characterized for producing very energetic lightning. In this paper we present the global winter lightning activity. Japan, US, Mediterranean, Argentina and New Zealand are the most active areas.