Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1465-2016
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1465-2016
Research article
 | 
21 Jun 2016
Research article |  | 21 Jun 2016

Global distribution of winter lightning: a threat to wind turbines and aircraft

Joan Montanyà, Ferran Fabró, Oscar van der Velde, Víctor March, Earle Rolfe Williams, Nicolau Pineda, David Romero, Glòria Solà, and Modesto Freijo

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Cited articles

Abarca, S. F., Corbosiero, K. L., and Galarneau, T. J.: An evaluation of the Worldwide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) using the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) as ground truth, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D18206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013411, 2010.
Adachi, T., Fukunishi, H.,Takahashi, Y., Sato, M., Ohkubo, A., and Yamamoto, K.: Characteristics of thunderstorm systems producing winter sprites in Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D11203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005012, 2005.
Anderson, G. and Klugmann, D.: A European lightning density analysis using 5 years of ATDnet data, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 815–829, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-815-2014, 2014.
CENELEC: Protection against lightning – thunderstorm warning systems, European Standard, EN 50536, 2011.
Bazelyan, E. M. and Raizer, Y. P.: Spark Discharge, CRC Press Inc., 206 pp., 1998.
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Short summary
Lightning is one of the major threats to modern multi-megawatt wind turbines and a concern for new generation of aircraft. Both wind turbines and aircraft can initiate lightning and very favourable conditions for lightning initiation occur in winter thunderstorms. Moreover, winter thunderstorms are characterized for producing very energetic lightning. In this paper we present the global winter lightning activity. Japan, US, Mediterranean, Argentina and New Zealand are the most active areas.
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