Articles | Volume 17, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-657-2017
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-657-2017
Research article
 | 
11 May 2017
Research article |  | 11 May 2017

Analysis of the Tangjiaxi landslide-generated waves in the Zhexi Reservoir, China, by a granular flow coupling model

Bolin Huang, Yueping Yin, Shichang Wang, Jianmin Tan, and Guangning Liu

Abstract. A rocky granular flow is commonly formed after the failure of rocky bank slopes. An impulse wave disaster may also be initiated if the rocky granular flow rushes into a river with a high velocity. Currently, the granular mass–water body coupling study is an important trend in the field of landslide-induced impulse waves. In this paper, a full coupling numerical model for landslide-induced impulse waves is developed based on a non-coherent granular flow equation, i.e., the Mih equation. In this model, the Mih equation for continuous non-coherent granular flow controls movements of sliding mass, the two-phase flow equation regulates the interaction between sliding mass and water, and the renormalization group (RNG) turbulence model governs the movement of the water body. The proposed model is validated and applied for the 2014 Tangjiaxi landslide of the Zhexi Reservoir located in Hunan Province, China, to analyze the characteristics of both landslide motion and its following impulse waves. On 16 July 2014, a rocky debris flow was formed after the failure of the Tangjiaxi landslide, damming the Tangjiaxi stream and causing an impulse wave disaster with three dead and nine missing bodies. Based on the full coupling numerical analysis, the granular flow impacts the water with a maximum velocity of about 22.5 m s−1. Moreover, the propagation velocity of the generated waves reaches up to 12 m s−1. The maximum calculated run-up of 21.8 m is close enough to the real value of 22.7 m. The predicted landslide final deposit and wave run-up heights are in a good agreement with the field survey data. These facts verify the ability of the proposed model for simulating the real impulse wave generated by rocky granular flow events.

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Short summary
Impulse waves generated by landslides threaten the safety of wide waterways and people living at the shore; as such, impulse waves require further study. The research on impulse waves induced by landslides is entered into the fluid–solid full coupling model, which can describe the movement of the landslide and the following water wave accurately. This paper provides a numerical model of the fluid–solid full coupled model, which uses the Mih equation for continuous non-coherent granular flow.
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